Transmission



R. LAPSLEY TRANSMISSION Filed July l0. 1943 'INVENTOIL mfr 54mg/ BY R. LAPSLEY TRANSIIISS ION Dec. 14, 1948.

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Filed July 1o, 1943 Dec. 14, 1948. R. LAPsLEY TRANSMISSION 10 Sheets-Sheet 4 Fuga July 1o, 1945 Dec. 14, 1948. R, LAPSLEY l i 2,456,132

TRANSMISSION Filed July 10, 1943 10 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENmn A Dec. 14, 19.48., R, LAPSL'EY 2,456,132

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R.' LAPsLEY TRANSMISSION Dec. 14, 1948.

10 Sheets-Sheet 7 Filed July 10. 1943 INVENTOR.

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Dec. 14, 1948. y R, LAPSLEY 2,456,132

TRANSMISSION Filed July 10, 1943 10 Sheets-Shee-t 8 f" .0% l f .f3/Q ze@ w@ @ma 22/ /g if eqn pj/ Pg ai Dec. 14, 194s. R LAPSLEY TRANSMISSION Filed July l0, 1943 10 Sheets-Sheet 9 IN VEN TOR.

Dec. 14, 19.48. R'. LAPsLEY TRANSMISSION Filed July 10, 1943' 10 Sheets-Sheet 10 www JW' Jaz d@ fw me INVENToR.

Patented Dec. i4, 148

TRANSMISSION y Robert Lapsley, Berrlen Springs, Mich., assignor Clark Equipment Company, Buchanan,

Mich., a corporation of Michigan Application July 10, 1943, Serial No. 494,439 t' 21 Claims. (Cl. 74-1895) l This invention relates to transmissions, and more particularly is directed to a transmission which is automatically controlled throughout the various speed ranges.

The present invention is directed particularly to a transmission employing the combination of a i fluid torque converter and a change speed gearing arrangement, the torque converter providing inilnitely variable torque multiplication in each of the respective gear ratios provided by the change speed gearing. In addition, the torque converter itself is capable of being shifted into position to function as a fluid coupling under certain conditions, this shift being effected automatically in accordance with speed and power requirements of the engine.

One of the primary objects of the present invention is to provide an automatic transmission construction which is fully automatic once the direction of drive has been determined by the operator, and will function to provide the desired torque multiplication through the transmission under all operating conditions. This is accomplished by providing automatic control means functioning in accordance with the load on the engine and the speed of the vehicle for shifting from an criginal'condition of torque multiplication through the converter with a low gear ratio in the transmission to a torque multiplication in the converter with a high gear ratio in the transmission, and thence to a fluid coupling drive through high gear of the transmission as the load requirements of the engine dictate, with automatic shifting downwardly through various stages as the load requirements of the engine in crease.

One of the specific objects of the invention is to provide a power transmitting device consisting of a fluid drive which will operate as a fluid torque multiplier or fluid clutch in accordance with the control of its shift means, which shift means is automatically controlled at any time. In addition to this` the fluid drive construction is provided with means operative when the engine is idling for braking the drivenshait either to astop, or

rotating it slightly in' a reverse direction so as to element fluid clutch, and which, upon movement of the automatic control means in the opposite direction, will operate a shift brake so as to stop rotation of the ,driven shaft and rotate it rearwardly to allowchange speed shifts to be made -without restriction or clash.

A still further object of the present invention is to provide a change-speed gear unit having a reverse speed selectable by the operation of a manual shift brake and forward speeds selectable by the initial operation of the manual shift, but which is also capable of speed changes While the vehicle is in motion without the use of the shift. This latter feature is effected by conjoint control of the engine throttle and vehicle speed through automatic control means for effecting selective movement of the speed change mechanism.

Another feature of the present invention is the provision of speed change mechanism within the transmission unit consisting of a slidable clutching unit having clutch teeth so designed as to be expelled from the faster moving gear due to driving torque and having other clutch teeth so designed as to be expelled from the slower moving gear in response to coasting torque. This unit also is provided with blocking means for preventing over-shifting of the clutching unit which might produce clashing until the engine speed is adjusted automatically to the'speed of the gear with which the clutching unit is to engage. This blocking action is controlled by friction or other synchronizing mechanism carried by the blocking means, and also isprovided with means for locking the clutch teeth against being expelled by torque from the engaged gear until the automatic control mechanism produces the desired changspeed in accordance withgthe speed and load requirements of. the vehicle.

Still another feature of the present invention is the provision of a change speed control unit which selectively shifts the gears as desired and which may be operated either manually or automatically as desired. When automatic control is desired, a power shifting mechanism is provided 4so as to move the proper shift means as required to meet the torque requirements of the engine in accordance with changing conditions of power and speed requirements of the vehicle.

Still another feature of the present invention isthe provision of an automatic control mechanism which is self-adjusting so as to make the desired change speed shifts to best meet the re,n quirements produced by varying conditions which may be encountered by the vehicle. In this connection, the vehicle speed is gauged by a fluid 'the transmission,

pump driven by the final drive shaft of the transmission unit and the power is gauged by the rise and fall of the vacuum in the intake manifold, as sensed by the use of a vacuum pistonv which controls the various control valve ports. Y This control unit is equally applicable to use with a gasoline powered engine or a Diesel type engine.

In addition to controlling the speed change :mechanism in the change speed gearing of the transmission unit and the control from the engine vacuum, there is a third control mechanism which adjusts the control valve ports in accordance with the shifting of the fluid drive unit from a torque converter to a fluid coupling, and vice versa.

These three adjustments of the control valve ports of the unit are controlled through a system of draw rods and levers so linked and arranged as to adjust the control valve ports forl causing the automatic control of this unit to progress from the slowest and most powerful driving conditions to the fastest'and least powerful driving conditions as rapidly as the engine can accelerate the vehicle and to return the unit through its various phases toward /the more powerful but slower driving conditions as conditions requiring such changes are encountered.

In a preferred form of the present invention there is provided a fluid torque converter which has means for changing the torque converter to a fluid coupling and locking the turbine and reaction members for conjoint rotation, which means is automatically controllable by the automatic control unit. The transmission also includes a change-speed gear box having a low and high gear ratio, with shiftable means controlled by engine torque and coasting torque to provide the actual shifting force, and which is automatically controlled by the control unit in accordance with conditions encountered by the vehicle to shift from one ratio to the other and backwardly in accordance with such conditions. This mechanism allows direct shifting from one ratio to another ratio by the engine torque acting through helicaLteeth formed on the clutching mechanism. In additionv to these two fundamental units, the transmission is provided with shift brake means which controls the driven shaft to hold it against engine torque when the torque converter is idling for allowing preselection of forward or reverse drive without possibility of gear clashing or overcoming the idling torque imposed on the gear faces. All of these various shifting mechanisms except the shift brake control are under the control of the automatic control unit which may be mounted on the side wall of the transmission housing, and consists of an oil pump driven by the final drive shaft of the transmission to impress the variable pressure caused by the speed of rotation of this shaft on a sliding piston which controls the flow of oil under pressure through various ports to produce the various automatic shifts to occur as desired, depending upon engine vacuum. Consequently, the automatic control of the unit is determined by its speed and power requirements. This control unit also includes a linkage mechanism having a plurality of positions determined by the position of the speed changing clutch in the shift means for the fluid unit and the engine vacuum.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will appear more fully from the following detailed description, which, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will disclose to those skilled in the art, the particular construction and operation of preferred forms of the present invention. ,f

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is an elevational view of a transmission unit embodying the automatic control features of the present invention; l v

Figure 2A is a sectional view through one form of the transmission, showing in detail the uid unit and the shift brake mechanism;

Figure 2B is a continuation of the sectional view of Figure 2A, showing the details of the change speed gearing and the clutching unit:

kFigure 3 is a sectional view corresponding to Figure 2A of a modified form of construction;

Figure 4 is a sectional view corresponding to Figure 2B of another modified form of the invention;

Figure 5 is a detailed sectional view of the oil pump and control valve assembly of the automatic control unit;

Figure 6 is an elevational view of the fluid pumpi Figure 7 is a diagrammatic showing of the linkage arrangement responsive to the shift mechanism for the change-speed gearing, the shift mechanism for the uid unit, and the engine vacuum shift mechanism. which co-acts with the control valve assembly;

Figures 8 to 17. inclusive, are diagrammatic illustrations of the :control valve unit in its various positions; y

Figures 8A to '17A, inclusive, are corresponding projections of the control valve unit in each of the positions corresponding to Figures 8 to 17 Figure 18 is a somewhat diagrammatic view of the linkage arrangement in one of its adjusted positions;

Figure 19 is a corresponding view of the link-- age mechanism when shifted to another of its positions; and

Figure 20 is a diagrammatic view of a complete automatic control assembly of modified form.

Referring now in detail to the drawings, in

Figure 1 there is disclosed the engine i to which is coupled the fluid unit C, a controlhousing for the control of the fluid unit indicated at l, and the change speed gearing housing 8 from which emerges the final drive shaft 9 which is coupled to the propeller shaft of the vehicle. The various legends on this drawing indicate various control elements which will be described in more detail hereinafter.

The engine 5 is preferably provided with any conventional type of fluid pump for delivering fluid under pressure into the line I0. which fluid v passes into the T Il and through one connection or conduit I2 provides the inlet fluid for' the torque converter unit 6. The other branch of th T II directs fluid pressure through connection I I to a control housing Il which carries a suitable valve mechanism controlled by crank I5 and control rod I C for selecting either forward or reverse drive in the transmission. The

control rod I6 is connected in any suitable manner to a control lever preferably arranged on the steering post. of the vehicle. and manually selected by the driver to condition the gearing in the transmission for either forward or reverse drive. Thus, the operator, after the engine has been started. may actuate this control mechanism to place the gearing in theftransmission in a condition for either forward drive or reverse drive, depending upon the desired direction in which he wishes the vehicle to move.

. l Mounted on the side wall of the transmission housing 8 is a plate member I1 which, on its inner face, may carry the control valve assembly of Figure 5 and which isreadily removable foil` any adjustment or inspection that may be desired. Located above the control valve mechanism and extending through the transmission side wall is a first control unit shaft I8 having the actuating crank I8 and control rod-20 which is connected through suitable motion transmitting means to a vacuum responsive member, such as a diaphragm member. This member is responsive to the vacuum in the engine intake manifold through a vacuumconnection tapped into the manifold, and provides for shifting the rod 20 to cause oscillation of the shaft I8 from one position, indicating high vacuum to a second position indicating low vacuum. Disposed above the shaft I8 is a second control unit shaft 22 having a crank 23 connected thereto, forming part of the control mechanism to be described hereinafter, which crank in turn is connected througha draw rod 24 so as to respond to movement of a power shift mechanism that controls the shift between low speed and high speed ratios in the transmission. This power shift mechanism is indicated generally at 25, It may include a piston operable from one position to another position for effecting selective release of the clutching unit in the transmission to move from one clutching engagement in. one gear ratio to a second clutching arrangement for a second gear ratio. The third control unit shaft 26 extending through the side wall of the transmission has a crank 21 connected thereto which. through the rod 28, is connected to a control member connected to the fluid unit for shifting the shaft 26 from one position when the fluid unit is operating as a torque multiplier into a second position when the fluid unit is shifted into operation as a fluid coupling. The fluid unit control portion of the power shift mechanism also includes a piston rod 29 connected by lever 38 to a crank 32 connected to the shaft 33 extending lnto the control housing 1 of the fluid unit. This piston rod 29 operates in accordance with the setting of the valves in the automatic control Vunit for effecting shifting of the fluid unit from a torque multiplier to a uid coupling, and-viceversa.

The` power shift mechanism also has a third housing from which extends a piston 4rod 35 which, through the control rod 36, is connected into the throttle of the vehicle for controlling the throttle position to provide idling of the engine for cutting out the engine torque while the power shift is being made from low to high speed. The control unit has suitable connections, as will. bedescribed hereinafter, for shifting the piston in opposite directions.

The control housing 1 for the fluid unit is provided with an outlet 31 which, through conduit 38, is connected into a conduit 39 leading into the'power shift mechanism housing for delivering fluid under pressure thereto to effect the desired power shifts when conditions are such that'the automatic control valve opens the selected ports.

This figure represents diagrammatically the manner in which the transmission of the present construction may be provided with the various control elements which, under the control of the automatieeontrol unit, will allow automatic and progressive shifting of the transmission through the various speed changes, dependlng upon the power and speed requirements of the engine. The details of these control elements and their cooperating action under the influence of the control unit will be described in more detallin connection with the actual internal construction of the transmission, as shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4.

Considering now Figures 2A yand 2B. the crankshaft 40 of the engine is connected through the studs 4I to. a flywheel spider 42 carrying the starting ring gear 43, and also having bolted thereto as .by means of studs 44 the driving or impeller member 45 of the fluid torque converter. The impeller 45 is provided with a series of fluid inlets 46 through which oil isforced under pressure into the interior of the impelier. The hub portion 41 of the impeller is provided with the seal means 48 sealing against the flange 48 of a bushing 58 bolted or otherwise suitably secured, as at 52, to a partition wall 53 of the fluid housing 6. The control unit for the fluid housing is carried in the housing member 1, and there is provided a passageway or fluid duct 54 connected by any suitable means to the conduit I2, whereby oil flows through the duct 54 and thence through passageways intermediate the studs 52 into the space 56 disposed within the hub portion of theimpeller 45.

The rotor or driven member 51 of the torque converted has sealing engagement with the annular shoulder 58 of the spider 42, and also is provided with the hub portion 59 rivitedfas at 60 to a sleeve member 62 splined on the driven shaft 63 of the fluid unit. The shaft 63 is preferably hollow for at least a portion of its length, and has the reduced end 64 journalled by the bearings 66 in a suitable pilot recess in the hub 1 portion of the spider 42. The turbine 51 is prevented frommovement to the left on the splines 83 by means of the lock nut 66 threaded on the shaft. The opposite end of the sleeve 62 forms unit. the member carrying the teeth 14 is provided vith a tapered external surface 16 adapted to be engaged by a plurality of spring pressed balls 19 ca A lied by circumferentially spaced arms 80 carried -'y a ring member 82 bolted to the stator 88. Whenever thestator tends to rotate rearwardly, the pressure of the balls. on the tapered surface fee'ds the splined member 14 inwardly to engage the ratchet teeth with teeth 1'3, locking the stator against reverse-rotation. However, rotation of the stator 68 conjointly with the turbine 51 causes a reverse action, tending to move the teeth 14 out of engagement with the teeth 13'to allow freeforward rotation with the stator.

The housing 1 is piloted in and securely bolted to the duid unit housing 6 as by means of the studs 83, there being a suitable inspection opening 84 provided in the bottom of this housing. The inwardly directed flange 63 of the housing 1 has bolted thereto the member 5I"-,which carries the brake drum 8 5 having a suitable oil retaining flange 86 pressed thereover. A suitable seal 7 91 is provided between the hub 99 ofthe member 9| and the shouldered portion 99 of the shaft 93 toprevent the escape of fluid from the torque converter unit into the housing 1. The annular seal ring 90 forming a part of this seal also functions as a stop for the helically coiled spring 92, which is biased between the ring 90 and the recessed part of a sleeve 93 splined for axial sliding movement on the shaft 63. The shaft 63 adjacent this point is provided with an elongated slot 94 through which extends a pin 95, this pin being secured in the sleeve 93 and engaging in a suitable slot 99 formed in a sliding pull rod 91 disposed within the bore of the shaft 63. The pull rod 91 is arranged to normally be pressed to the left by the spring 98 bearing at one end against the base of the bore in the shaft 63, and at the opposite end against the head end portion 99 of the pull rod. The sleeve 93 is provided with a helically splined external portion upon which is mounted the correspondingly splined hub portion of a brake member |0| adapted to engage the brake surface 85. This member is normally pressed against a stop ring |03 by means of the spring |04, which spring is biased at its opposite end against the ring carried on the sleeve 93 and forming one stop for a bearing assembly |06, the opposite side of the bearing being held against axial movement by the ring |01. The bearing |09 is provided with an annular yoke or collar |09 adapted to be engaged by a suitable shift mechanism operated by the foot brake |09 shown in Figure 1. Depression of the brake pedal |09 moves the bearing assembly, and consequently the sleeve 93 to the left, as viewed in Figure 2A. causing the brake |0| to engage the brake drum 99. Initial engagement therebetween provides a threading action, tending to rotate the sleeve 93 in a direction opposite to the normal rotationof shaft 93 so that the application of this brake will stop the rotation of the shaft when the torque converter is idling, and, upon further actuation of the pedal, will cause the sleeve 93 to effect through the threading action of the helical splines |00 a slight reverse rotation of the shaft to facilitate shifting of the gears in the transmission to select either forward speed or reverse drive by manual selection from the steering wheel. It will be noted that there is a resilient lost-motion connection between the brake |0| and sleeve 93, which provides a semi-self-energizing action for the brake so that once it engages, the tendency is to thread the sleeve 93 outwardly therefrom, but since the pedal is being depressed, 'the sleeve will actually effect slight reverse rotation of the movement within the slot 94 of shaft 63 to facilitate operation of the brake. This movement is also provided in order to facilitate operation of the clutching means by which the torque converter is changed to a fluid coupling, without interfering with the brake operation.

In converting the torque multiplier to a fluid coupling, shifting of the sleeve 93 to the right causes the pin 99 to move to the right, thereby exerting a pull on rod 91 within shaft 93. The opposite end of rod 91 is provided with detent members |0 engaging in suitable recesses in the hub portion of a clutch gear splined on shaft Y 8 63 The clutch gear I clutch teeth ||2 adapted to have clutching engagement with the teeth 3 carried by the -hub of the member 12.

Consequently, upon being pulled to the right, the rod 93 causes the clutch member to move into clutching engagement with the member locking the stator 69 to the shaft 63 for conable means locking the beari joint rotation therewith. Since the turbine 51 is also splined to the shaft 63, it will be obvious that the two elements of the converter' will be coupled for conjoint rotation, thereby changing the torque converter to a 'fluid coupling. The shaft 63 is provided with an elongated slot ||4 to accommodate this movement of the clutchv member. The slot 96 in pull rod 91 allows operation of the brake mechanism |0| without in any way affecting the clutch member, since this movement is in-the opposite direction or to the left, and clearance is provided for this purpose. Preferably, a suitable oil seal ring ||5 is interposed in the bore of the shaft 63 to prevent leakage of oil rearwardly through this bore. spring 96,- as will be noted, urges the pull rod 91 to the left, and. normally tends to maintain the'clutch disengaged unless shifting force is applied to the yoke |08.

TheV shaft 63 at its rearward end terminates in the drive pinion ||6 having teeth ||1 adapted tomesh with the teeth ||8 of gear ||9 keyed to the counter-shaft of the transmission. The shaft 63 is supported in suitable ball bearings |22 carried in the end wall |23 of the housing 9, which is bolted or otherwise suitably secured to the housing unit 1. This end wall carries suita assembly |22 in place and also has a borel :ein for receiving the reduced end |25 of countershaft |20, this beingmounted in a suitable bearing assembly |26.

The main drive shaft or output shaft of the transmission, as indicated at |21 in Figure 2B, includes a reduced end |28 mounted in the needle roller bearings |29 disposed within the end of the shaft 93, thereby piloting the end of shaft |21 in the end of shaft 63, The countershaft |20 is provided with integrally formed gears |30 and |32, the gear |30 having constant meshing engagement with a gear |33 rotatably mounted, as by means of bearings |34, upon shaft |21.

The `gear |32 of the countershaft is adapted to mesh with a sliding reverse gear |35 mo ted on a layshaft (not shown), which in turn has meshing engagement with the gear |36 keyed or otherwise mounted for conjoint rotation with shaft |21. i termediate the gears |33 and |36on the outpu sh'aft |21 is a worm gear member |31 which drivesl a second downwardly extending worm gearl |39 operating a pump to be described in detail hereinafter.

The countershaft .|20 at its opposite end is mounted in the ball bearing assembly |39 carried in the end wall |49 of the transmission housing 9 and suitablycovered by the cap member |42. The opposite end of shaft |21 is mounted in a ball bearing assembly |43 also carried in the end wall oi' the transmission 8. A suitable speedometer gear |44 is mounted on the rearward extension of the shaft |21 with suitable oil seal |45 provided about the hub |46 of a universal joint or other means for connecting the shaft to the propeller shaft of a vehicle.

Mounted intermediate the pinion gear ||6 and the gear |33 on shaft |21 is a blocking type coupling mechanism which' is so designed as to be locked in either of its engaged positions, and

i is provided with external The ,ssaisa when released. the torque oi' the engine in one caso, or the coasting torque of the vehicle in the other case, will automatically expel this mechanism from one gear engaging position, and when the `opposite gear approaches synchronous 4speed will cause automatic engagement of the mechanism with such gear, thereby producing a shift without declutching the'engine, which is accomplished automatically. 'aswill be described hereinafter.

This coupling mechanism comprises a sleeve member |50 splined on'axlaily extending splines |52 formed on shaft |21 and provided with oppositely arranged external annular helical teeth |55 and |54, respectively, at-opposite ends thereof. Encircling the sleeve |50 there is provided a blocker member |55 having circumferentially spaced axially elongated slots |55 through which extend a plurality of detent members |51 carried in radially directed sleeves |55. An annular yoke or ring member |59 encircles the detents and is provided with alternate relieved portions |50 extending in opposite directions and engaging a1- ternate detent members |51. For example, if there are six detent members |51 provided around th'e periphery of sleeve |55, the ring |59 will have three recesses formed as indicated at |50, and intermediate thereto will have three additional recesses opening in the opposite direction, each of the recesses engaging over one of the detents.

The blocker member or sleeve 55 is provided at its ends with internal teeth |52 and |55, respectively, arranged on the same helix angle as the teeth |55 and |55. On theexternal surface of blocker member |55 opposite teeth' |52 and |55, respectively, there are provided tapered friction rings' |55. and |55 which are adapted to engage corresponding tapered friction surfaces |55 and |51 carried by extension of the gears ||5 and |55, respectively This forms the friction drag surfaces for controlling the blocking action. Also, the gears ||5 and |25 carry helically splined internal teeth |55 and |59, respectively. which form the clutch teeth providing for inal coupling of the clutch' sleeve |52 thereto to couple these gears for conjoint rotation with the shaft.

In Vthe operation of this mechanism when the collar or yoke |59 is shifted to the left, for 'example, the sleeve |50 moves therewith, the snap ring detent providing conjoint movement until the friction elements |05 and 55 engage. Furth'er shifting pressure produces frictional drag between the mating friction surfaces will result in the teeth being offset a matter of approximately half e. tooth space, preventing sliding movement of the sleeve |50 through the blocker member |55, although such pressure tends to collapse the spring detent. This condition exists until such time as the blocker member |55 and th'e gear i0 approach synchronous speed bringing member |50 and shaft |21 to the same speed due to the action of pin |51 reacting against the blocking surface of sleeve |55, at which time the reverse'. rive on sleeve |55 allows the teeth |52 of the bl member to be moved forward into a position to allow passage of the teeth |55 of sleeve |50 therethrough and into engagement with teeth' |55 of' gear ||5 the detent being then depressed to allow relative movement oi member |50 with respect to the sleeve. This completes the shifting movement for locking the shaft 55 to the shaft |21 for conjoint rotation. At the same time. detents |51 will drop into the corresponding recesses |12 inthe shaft |21, and further movement of the yoke |55 will force th'e inner surface of the yoke over the ends of the detents |51, locking the mechanism in position and clutching the two shafts for conjoint rotation.

The purpose of providing the locking mechanlsnrfor preventing release of the detents |51 from recess |12 is to prevent expulsion of the sleeve |50 from the teeth' |58, which would normally occur due to the helix angle thereof. Consequently, this must be locked in position or the engine torque will thread the sleeve |50 out of engagement and toward neutral position. In shiftingv in the opposite direction, the yoke first releases the detents to cause expulsion of the sleeves |50 to the right. As the yoke |55 moves' further to the right, it will carry sleeve |50 therealong until snap ring |10 engages in blocker` mem- .ber |55. From this point on, blocker member |55 will move conjointly with sleeve |50 until friction surface |65 of the blocker member engages the corresponding friction surface |51 of gear |55. This will produce a. drag on the blocker member.

causing it to rotate out of alinement so that teeth |54 cannot move past teeth |55,

At the same time, detent |10 will be collapsed bythe shifter action to allow relative axial movement of sleeve |50 relative to blocker member |55 up to the point where teeth |55 abut teeth |55. As the blocker member and gear |55 appreach and reach synchronous speed, the teeth |55 will move into position, as previously described to allow passage of teeth |50 therethrough into engagement with teeth |89 of gear |55. This clutches gear |55 to shaft |21 for conjoint rotation. At the same time, the detents |51 move into position to drop into recesses |13 in shaft |21, and are locked therein by continuing movement of yoke' |59, which moves over the top of the detents to hold them from disengagement.

Thus, the transmission is then locked in low gear drive from gear ||5 through gear ||9 and countershaft |20, and thence through gear |50 and gear |35 to shaft |21. 'I'his entire shifting movement is produced automatically by the automatic control unit previously referred to, and which will be described in more detail hereinafter. Sumce it to say, that when' it is desired to move from low gear ratio in the transmission back toward high gear ratio, the helix angle of teeth |59 reacting against teeth |54 will tend to expel the sleeve |50 from engagement with the gear |55, but such expulsion cannot occur until such time as detents |51 are released by movement of yoke |59 out of position to release the detents for movement out of releases |15. When this occurs, the sleeve |50 will be expelled from gear |55, 'and will move to the left, picking up the blocker,

member |55 as snap rin-g |10 drops into the groove |1| in the blocker member. Also, due to the helix angle when the sleeve member |50 is rotating faster than gear member 5, there is a tendency for the sleeve |50 to be drawn into engagement with the teeth |55 Auntil such time as the engine speed picks up to apply torque through this drive.

Consequently, with this type of coupling mechanism, there is no necessity for declutching the engine in shifting from low gear to high gear, or vice versa, and the blocker member assures that there will be no clashing of gears during this shift.

Considering now the disclosure of Figures 3 y and 4, it will be noted that in many respects the construction shown in these two figures is similar to that shown in Figs. 2A and 2B, and consequently similar reference numerals are applied to member 81.

. 11 corresponding parts. Considering Fig. 3 indetail, which is the showing of the torque converter and the brake mechanism for facilitating shifting while the engine is idling against the idling torque of the converter, it will be noted that several modifications are made over the construction shown in Fig; 2A in providing a. slightly modined form of brake construction and a different shift mechanism for changing the torque converter to a fluid coupling. j

In this connection it'should be noted that the teeth ||3 on -the clutch member 12 are disposed adjacent the bearings 8`|,while the teeth on the shifting pinion III' are disposed in the space between the teeth H8' 'and the ratchet teeth 13-18, which latter teeth act as a one-way clutch for the stator or reaction member. These teeth are indicated at ||2' and, upon movement of the shifting mechanism to the left as shown in Fig. 3. are adapted to mesh with the teeth II8' to lock the stator 88 for conjoint rotation with shaft 88 and consequently with theV turbine or driven It will be noted that thepinion is splined on the shaft 88 for conjoint rotation therewith, and is controlled by the pin carried in the sleeve |80, which in trn is pressed into the sliding plunger |82 mounted in the counterbored portion of the vshaft 88. A suitable spring |88 normally urges the plunger |82 to the 'righe holding the teeth H2' and m' out of engagement. A suitable pin |84 holds the lock pin H0' in position; and is threaded into the outer end of the plunger |82. The plunger |82 has bearing against a spacer member |88 which in turn seats at the lower end of the bore of the shaft 88 against a stop member |88.

When the plunger |82 is moved to the left, the pin ||0' carries the clutch teeth into engagement. This movement is effected bythe rod |81 located within the shaft 83 and carrying a radially extending pin |88, which in turn engages a sleeve |89 carried on the splines |90 formed on a shouldered portion of the shaft 88. The sleeve |89 is shiftable to the left by means of a suitable shift member engaging the collar |92 carried by the bearing assembly |93. Movement of this shift mechanism results in clutchingof the teeth H2 and H8 together. Upon movement of the shift mechanism in the opposite direction, the spring |88 produces disengagement of the clutch teeth. releasing the stator 88 so that itcan become locked against the sleeve carried onthe splined portion of the flange member 49 secured to the housing, thereby locking the statoragainst reverse rotation.

The fluid for the torque converter is introduced through the passageway 84 and thence through passageways |94, which alternate with the bolts or studs 82 to introduce the fluid into the chamber 58 from whence it flows into the interior of the converter.

The sleeve |89 is provided externally with the hellcally splinedA portion |98 upon which is mounted the brake spider |98. This spider has a brake surface |91 adapted to engage the internal braking surface of the Vdrum |90, which is secured to the end wall of the converter housing as by means of studs |99. AA suitable oil retaining member 200 is pressed over the drum |98 to retain oil on the braking surfaces, as described previously. The brake member |38 is normally urged against the stop 20| carried by the splines |98 by means of a spring 202, and when the brake drum is engaged and the spider |98 tends to stop rotating, further movement of the shifting mechanism 1 l2 causes the sleeve'to be threaded through the hubl of the spider on the helical splines, thereby causV ing slight reverse rotation `of shaft 83 to facilitate shifting of the gears in the transmission.

Considering Fig. 4, this fig-ure is substantially identical with that shown in Fig. 2, and the mechanism shown therein functions in substantially the same manner, it being noted that intermediate the gears |88 and |88 there -is provided' the worm |81 driving `the corresponding worm |38 which carries a depending'shaft 208 'leading to the oil pump for the automatic control system. Considering now this oil pump construction and the associated valve arrangement which is shown in more detail in Figs. 5 to 17, inclusive, the shaft 208 driven from the main shaft of the transmission is coupled to a driving spud 208 carrying an eccentrically disposed impeller 201 adapted to rotate within the pump chamber 208 for drawing oil from the reservoir through-conduit 209 into the chamber'and forcing it under pressure out- `wardly through outlet 2|0 to the valve mechanism'. The pump assembly is enclosed by the body member 2|2 which is secured to a mating extension 2|8 of the valve body 2H. It will be noted that the member 2|2 has an arcuately shaped spacer 2|| forming the dividing means for the pump and is a construction which is common and is known as an eccentric type of oil pump.

, From the outlet 2i`0, the fluid under pressure ...passes through passageway 2 I8 inthe valve body and into the chamber 2|8 disposed above a rotatable outlet port member or piston 2|1, rotating about the cylindrical extension 2|8 of the mating portion 2| 9 oi' the valve body. This valve construction is shown in more detail in Figures 'l to 17, inclusive, and will be described in various positions of operation in connection with such iigures.

Suffice it to say, that as the rotatable member 2|] shifts from one position to another, the fluid under pressure is allowed to pass through passageway 220 and thence up against the head end 222 of a piston or rod member 223 which in turn through an extension 228, controls the automatic shift mechanism in the transmission. A second member (not shown), corresponding to the plunger 222, ls also provided for controlling the operation of the torque converter, as will be described in detail hereinafter. y

In order to accommodate leakage in the valve, pressure controlled bypass valves 228 and 228 are provided whichare adjustable to meter the flow of fluid outwardly through ports 221 and 228, respectively, and thence thru discharge openings 229 and 280, respectively. It will be noted that the oil from passageway 2 I 8 connects through the valve opening 232 and the port 233 to the shank side of the control rod piston 223, and also t0 the corresponding control rod piston for the torque converter and fluid clutch shift mechanism. The relief valve adjusting screw 226 gages the pressure developed by the oil pumpl 50 during the rst stage of the control valve operation.

The annular piston or valve member 2|1 has the oil under pressure from passageway 2|5 imposed thereagainst, and this oil pressure moves it to the successive positions shown in Figs. 8 to 17 as the higher pressures are developed due to the direct gear drive of the pump shaft 205 to the transmission main shaft, which makes this pressure'directl-y proportional to the speed of the vehicle. The spring 288 yieldingly holds the valve 2|1 from 'being moved by the oil pressure in the at which time the piston or valve member 211 moves circumferentially so as to open the port 220 in the rotatable member 235, causing this port to communicate with the opening 233 leading into the chamber at the large end 222 of the piston. The oil pressure thus thrusts against the head 222 of the control rod, shifting it upwardlyand causing Iit to open a control pressure valve in the control mechanism 25 of-Figure 1 for operating a gear shift to shift the transmission from low gear ratio to high gear ratio. e

The sliding valve port member 235 is rotated lsso as to vary the pressure`at which the shift from low to high gear range will occur by the adjusting rod or arm 231 shown in Figures 'I to 17, inclusive. This adjusting arm advances, the port 223 closer to the end of the valve member 2i1 when the low range"of the transmission is not fully used and allows the shift to the high-range to be made, but acts to move the port 220 further away from the end of valve 2i1 when the shift is made back to the low range. thus insuring that the oil will not be able by its pressure to move the piston 2H far enough to open port 220 and cause an immediate shift back to the high range. This differential action -will be more fully explained as the/description proceeds.

The arm 231 is controlled by a combination of levers which shift in part as a function of the vacuum in the engine manifold, which decreases as the engine begins to labor, or as the engine becomes more fully loaded, and increases as the engine load becomes less. This vacuum which is measured by the pressure in the intake manifold, which operates a vacuum control piston to control the arm 238,carried by shaft i8 so as to advance the control arm 231 i-n a downward direction. when a high vacuum is present in the ena gine manifold, causing the vacuum responsive member, such as a diaphragm, to actuate rod 2li in a direction to rotate shaft I8 clockwise. The arm 231 is moved upwardly under a low vacuum condition by counter rotation of shaft i8 under influence of the manifold vacuum responsive means, thereby adjusting the sliding valve port member 235 to allow a shift from low range to high range, depending upon the power being used and the vehicle speed which is sensed by the variation in pressure in the oil pump.

Considering now the showing in Figure 7, the various control mechanismsin the position shown in full lines in this figure indicate that the trans` mission is conditioned for operationwith the converter functioning as a torque multiplier, the transmission being in low gear range and with low engine vacuum. This is the condition which would occur as the operator starts the vehicle from a standstill in low gear, and requires torque multiplication as well as the low gear range because of the load on the vehicle. The transmission at this`time will be operating with its main shaft at relatively low speed, and consequently,

the oil pump will not be delivering oil under a pressure sufficient to move the piston member 2 i1 into a position to uncover .the port 223. At .the same time, the control arm 231 will be in a position holding the port 220 retracted relative to the end of piston 2I1 so that the oil pressure from passageway 2i5 cannot pass into the head end of the control rod 222, but instead passes through port 233 and is relieved through relief valve 228.

As the vehicle begins to pick up speed the oil pressure against the end 240 of pistonv 2i1 begins assenso to increase and the piston starts to rotate against piston into the position shown in Fig. iijwhere it is at a position lust about at the point ofy uncovering the port 223. In the position shown in Fig. 9,

the transmission is stili in a torque multiplying. low gear. low vacuum condition, as indicated by reference characters TM-LG-LV adjacent arm 231. As the vacuum increases, however, the vacuum responsive means operates to shift the lever 238 through rod 20 and shaft I8 in a clockwise direction, or toward high vacuum position, as indicated by reference characters HV, lowering lever rod 242 about its pivot 243 at the opposite end, and thereby move control rod '231 slightly downwardly, as indicated in Fig. 10. This movement pushes the port 220 forwardly relative to end 240 of the piston 2H, uncovering the port as indicated at A in Figure 10 and allowing fluid under pressure from port 2id to flow into port 220, and consequently up against the head end of control rod,223. At the position shown in Fig. 10, therefore, the transmission is shifting from a condition of torque multiplication, low gear range, low vacuum into `a condition of torque multiplication, low gear range and high vacuum, and as this high vacuum stage is reached and the control arm 231 moves downwardly, the. port 220 is open to fluid pressure due to the shift from low vacuum to high vacuum. Immediately upon fluid flowing into port 220, control rod 22d is raised, which through the power shift mechanism 25, which may bel any type of shift actuator in the transmission, shifts the yoke |59, for example, in Figure 20, to the left to shift the transmission from low speed to high'speed range. Upon acceleration of the engine, this causes the head end 240 of piston 2li to move further around in a counterclockwise direction against the pressure of the spring due to the increased rotation of the main shaft of the transmission, which develops more oil pressure. Simultaneously the control rod 24 controlled by the shifting mechanism 25 in the transmission is moved ydownwardly to rotate arm 244 corresponding to lever 23 of Figure l, about the pivot 22, shifting this arm from low gear to high gear position, and consequently moving pivot 245 downwardly, whichvcauses arm 246 to rotate downwardly about its pivot 241 and through link 248, results in holding control arm 231 in its lowered position even though the vacuum decreases as the transmission shifts into high gear. This position is shown in Figure 10, and the initial position of the mechanism as the next operation occurs is shown in Fig. 1l with the nal position shown in Fig. 12.

In Fig. 11,I it will 'be noted that the head end 243 of the piston has still not moved sufficiently far to uncover the port 22| associated with a control rod corresponding to control rod 223, which controls the torque multiplier and fluid coupling.

In the condition shown in Figure 11, the trans- 'mission is in a position of torque multiplication,

s l ing control arm 281 downwardly into the position shown in Fig. 12, which again moves the rotatable valve member 288 in a clockwise direction. uncovering port 22I by moving it forwardly of the Ahead end 248 of piston 2I1. Fluid under pressure from port 2I8 consequently flows into port 22| to actuate the second control rod (not shown in member 2I8) which operates to shift the control piston 28 of Fig. 1,. and consequently the rocker arm 32 for shifting the clutching mechanism, shown in Figs. 2A and 3. to couple the stator to the output shaft of the converter for conjoint k movement with the turbine, lthereby changing the converter from a torque multiplier to a fluid cou- Flins.

Thus, in Fig. 12, a fluid coupling, high gear and low vacuum condition is provided, it being understood that during any of theshifts from lowest range on up, the high vacuum condition immediately changes tota low vacuum condition and then as the speed of the vehicle increases, gradually returns to a high vacuum condition. Thus, while arm 233 moves upwardly to low vacuum condition, at the same time, the second con trol rod Ain the valve assembly 2i8 shifts to fluid coupling position and as this shift is completed, the arm 248 through rod 23 and shaft 28 moves from torque multiplying condition downwardly in a clockwise direction to a iiuid coupling position, thereby moving link 249 downwardly, which maintains arm 281 in the same position. The vehicle is now operating with the torque converter as a fluid clutch and in high speed, but. is under load and consequently the manifold presents a condition of low vacuum. As the vehicle reaches its cruising speed, the low vacuum control operates arm 238 downwardly to move control arm 231 still further downwardly into the position shown in Fig, 13. This full uncovers port 22i and the vehicle will stay in this operating condition so long as the speed of the vehicle is such as to provide suflicient pressure against the head end of piston 240 to hold the opposite end 24| of this piston against the stop 24 I This is the cruising range of the vehicle and the arm 231 under these conditions is in its lowermost position, it being noted that control ,arms 238, 244 and 248 are all in their lowermost positions, as shown in full lines in Fig. 19. It is to be observed that the vacuum lcontrol means in the intake manifold controls the movement of arm 238 from its upper position, which is a low vacuum condition. to its lower position which is its high vacuum condition. Similarly, control rod 223 in the valve 2H which operates the `shift mechanism in the transmission from low range to high range also produces corresponding movement of control rod 24 when Athe shift is produced in the transmission, which in turn raises or lowers arm 244 about pivot 32. In Figs? this arm 244 is shown in low gear position. When the' transmission shifts to high gear, the Icontrol rod 24 is moved downwardly,

moving the arm 244 to high gear position, as shown in Figs. 18 and 19.

Cont-rol arm 248 mounted on pivot 23 is controlled by the shifting movement of the clutch I I I if Fig. 2A or ii i of Fig. 3, being normally in upper position as shown in Figs. 7 and 18, when `the torque converter is operating as a torque multiply-ing unit. When the piston 2I1 moves around to a position to uncover port 22I,.the second control rod in valve 2I4 operates, which through the iluld unit shift piston 28, shifts arm 32, thereby shifting the yoke assembly 08 of Fig. 2A to the right, producing clutching engagement between the shaft 88 and the stator 88 locking the stator and shaft together for conjoint rotation with the driven member 51. lThis produces a iluid coupling condition for the torque converter where no more torque multiplication is provided but th'e unit opcrates solely as a fluid cultch. When this shift is made, arm 248 is moved from the position shown in Fig. 18 to the position shown in Fig. 19.

When the vacuum in the engine manifold be'- gins to decrease. indicating that the engine is operating under a heavy load, and consequently the speed of the vehicle decreases, producing less pressure against the head end 240 of piston 2I1, -a point is reached at which the vacuum control means shifts arm 288 from :the position shown in Fig. 19 back to the positionshown in Fig. 18, This produces a duid coupling, high gear, low vacuum condition..causing arm 28lto raise upwardly from .the position shown in Fig. 13 to that shown in Fig.

14. At the same time, the pressure against piston 2I1 decreases due to decreasing, speed, and consequently port 22| is closed by a return movement ,of piston 2I1 under-l the influence of spring 288. As a result. th-e closing of'port 22| results in the second control rod of valve 2 I4 moving downward ly, causing a shift from fluid coupling pcsi'tio'n'zto I' torque multiplying condition which sim ultan.':''A

ously deciutches thestator 468 from the V'shaft 83 and raises arm 248 from the F18'. 19- to that shown inFlg. 18.

The vehicle is then operating under a condition of torque multiplication, high gear, and since the fluid coupling has 4been shifted to a torque multiplier, the load on the engine decreases and a high I vacuum condition occurs -in the intake manifold,

holding the arm 231 in the -position shown. However, if the load on the vehicle is still too much for proper operati-on under a condition of torque multiplication and high gear, .the vacuum decreases in the intake manifold to a point at-which the arm 238 moves upwardly to low vacuum condition. This raises. arm 231 still further from the position shown in Fig. 14 `to that shown in Fig. 15, and conditions the system for shifting into low gear, it'being understood .that port 22| remains closed throughout this period. Since the speed of the vehicle is continuously decreasing, the pressure on h-ead end 248 of piston 2I1 continues to decrease, allowing the piston under influence of spring 233, to return still further to the position shown in Figure 16 where it closes oif port 228 as well as -port 22|. Closing of port 2.20 cuts ofi' uid pressure to control rod 223, causing the control rod to move downwardly due to the back pressure on the upper side thereof, thus shifting the transmission from high gear to low gear. This causes .um condition, whereupon all the linkage arms will be in the position shown in Figure 7 andthe control piston and valve structure will :be as shown in Figure 17which is identical with that shown in Figure 8, wherein the vehicle was preparing to start from a standing position. At this time, the engine speed is not sufficient .to move the ypiston 2I1 against the pressure of spring 233. lf the vehicle has now surmounted the dimculty which has position shown in- F i7 caused it to labor, the piston 2|1 starts to open and the entire cycle of operations may be repeated. p

It is to be understood of course that intermemediate shifts can be made without goingthrough.

the entire cycle of shifting operations. For example, the vehicle may be cruising and encounter a slight hill which causes it to change from a duid coupling, high gear condition to fa torque multipLying, high gear position, which may be sumcient to pull the vehicle over the hill without any further shifting'. Upon again attaining a high vac' uum condition, the shift may revert back to l when a shift has once been made at a predetermined point, the condition causing such shift will prevail over a wider range so that a lower predetermined point must be-reached before a reversal of this shift can occur. This is to prevent fluctuation of the shift mechanism at any certain point, and provides a differential heytween shifting on the upward cycle and shifting back on the decreasing cycle, which provides for smooth operation of the shift mechanism.

Figures 8A to 17A provide a developed illustration'of the operation occurring in a valve, such as valve 2id, under the varying conditions described, and corresponding parts will be indicated by corresponding reference-characters. In this developed illustration. it is believed that the operation of the valve or piston .2 I 1 will be more clearly illustrated as it moves through its progressive stages to control the=shifting operations. For

example, in Figure 8A', the member 2li corresponds to the valve body portion 2i9 of Fig. 5, and is provided with the port 235 leading into the head end of control rod 223 and with the port 253 leading into the head end oi the second con-l trol rod (not shown), which controls the shift in the torque converter from torque multiplication to fluid coupling condition. The member 235 is the rotatable disc into which the arm 231 extends, and which is shifted through various positions by means of the linkage shown in Figs. 7, `13 and 19. The member 2I1 is illustrated in Fig.` 8A as a sliding piston having its head end 250 arranged to receive uid under pressure from the port 2 i5 in the valve body 2M. 'lfhe plunger 2i1 is normally urged to the left by means of a spring 233 corresponding to the circular spring 233 of Figs. 5 and "I. Preferably, the piston A2I1 is arranged to provide relief through the recess 254. the port 255 and the recess 255 for relieving any fluid under pressure which might be in the control rod system when ports 220 and 22| are closed.

In the position shown in Fig. 8A, the mechanism is in a condition of torque multiplication. low gear and low vacuum with both ports 220 and 22| closed and with insuillcient fluid pressure from port 2|5 on the head end 240 of the piston to move the piston to the right. As the vehicle speed begins to increase, a higher pressure of th`e assenso 18 has insufllcient load to maintain the low vacuum in the engine manifold and as high vacuum con dition occurs, the arm 233 shifts to move control arm 231 downwardly, thereby shifting member 235 to the left, this shift being indicated in Fig. 10A, which in turn uncovers port 220 to allow duid under pressure to pass to the head end of g control rod 222. As this condition occurs, the control rod 223 moves upwardly, shifting the transmission from low gear to high gear. As this shift is eifected by the synchronizing mechanism of Figs. 2B and 4, the physical movement of `the synchronizing mechanism into high gear position operates control rod 24 downwardly. while sl-` multaneously the vacuum condition in the intake manifold changes from high vacuum to low vacuum. As a result, control arm 231 remains stationary, holding` member 235 against movement so that while the port 220 remains open to maintain the high gear-condition, the-oil pressure of the pump 201 increases. forcing the piston 211 further to the right until it is in a position Just adjacent opening of port 22 i If the power available at this time is still more than required by the vehicle, a simultaneous shift of the vacuum control from low vacuum to high vacuum is eifectcdas the pressure on the piston 2 I1 increases due to increase in speed of the vehicle. Asa result. member 235 is moved further to the left at the same time :that the piston 2i1 vmoves further to the right.

-This results in uncovering portl 22| so that fluid under pressure from this port can pass through port 253 in member 2H to operate the second control rod, corresponding to control rod 223, thereby shifting the mechanism shown in Figs. 2A and 3 to lock the stator of the torque t converter to the shaft 53, thereby changing the torque converter to a uid clutch. This occurs and 22|. are open to uld under'pressure and the ,lowermost position, as shown in Fig. 19, shifting member 235 still further to the left, as shown in Fig. 13A.

Under these conditions, both control ports 225 vehicle is operating under a condition of fluid coupling, high gear. high vacuum, which is its cruising operation. -Under these conditions, the increase in speed of the vehicle may move piston 2I1 further to the right, but such movement has no effect since lboth parts are already open and piston 2I1 may vary through a considerable range under these conditions without effecting any change in the condition of the transmission.

However, assuming that the vehicle encounters a hill, the high vacuum condition changes to a low vacuum condition, causing arm 231 to raise upwardly into the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 18, moving member 235 to the right and at the same time, since the speed of the vehicle is oil from the pump is produced which, through port 2I5. acts against piston 2i1, moving it from the position shown in Fig. 8A to the position shown in Fig. 9A, at which time the piston 2i1 moves into a position Just covering port 223. However, at the same time, the vehicle moving l under a torque multiplying. low gear condition the' high vacuum condition produced by the.

change from a fluid coupling condition to a torque multiplying condition changes toa low vacuum condition, causing arm 266 to move up,

wardly, raising control arm 261 to the full line position shown in Fig. 18. yThis moves member 265 further to the right, thus moving ports 226 and 221. At the same time, the speed Aof the vehicle will be decreasing, reducing thepressure of the piston 211, causing it to move further to the left so that it starts to close oi port 226, as shown in Fig. A.l Upon further decrease in speed, the piston 211 moves to the left sufficient to close port 226, as shown in Fig. 16A, thereby rod 24 upwardly, moving arm 244 upwardly, and

thereby raises control rod 261 back to the position shown in Fig. '1. This results in moving member 265 further to the right since, if the load continues, the high vacuum condition produced at the moment of chang from high gear to low gear now changes to low vacuum condition'. yConsequently, the vehicle transmission system has by this time moved through its entire cycle of operations, and is back to a condition of torque multiplication, low gear, low vacuum. as indicated in Fig. 17A, and will operate in this condition until both the vacuum has increased and the oil pressure developed by the speed of the vehicle has in creased to a point such as will shift member 265 to the left and piston 211 to the right sufficient to uncover port 226.

Referring now to the showing in Fig. 20, this figures embodies a modified type of fluid control for the automatic shift in the transmission and in the torque converter. In this form of the invention, the shift rod or control rod which is actuated by shifting in-the transmission from high gear to low gear is indicated at 266, and is connected through the equalizer bar 262 to the control rod 266 which is shifted in accordance with shifting of the torque converter from torque multiplying position to fluid coupling position.

The equalizer bar has pivotally mounted as at 264 a fulcrum carried by a lever 265 which, at its opposite end, is pivoted as at 266 to a second equalizer bar 261 pivotally mounted as at 266 upon the projecting end 269 of a plunger 216 operating a sleeve typepiston 212 carried within a cylinder 213.

The opposite end of the control or equalizer .biasing the pistons to neutral position.

bar 261 is connected through the rod 266 to the engine manifold vacuum control mechanism, and is shiftable from high vacuum to low vacuum position in accordance with the vacuum conditions in the engine intake manifold. These parts are shown in full lines in Pig. 20 as in fluid coupling, high gear and high vacuum position, and would be moved to dotted line position upon starting of the vehicle under load.

, A fluid pump is indicated generally at 216', and is driven by the output shaft of the transmission through a drive shaft connection 214 similar to the manner in which the pump in Fig. 5 is driven. The outlet port of the nuid pump is indicated at 215, and leads into the conduit 216 provided with an adjustable leakage port 216' controlled by the screw 211. The fluid pressure from the pump 216 is operable to control various valve mechanisms, which in turn control the flow of fluid 20 under pressure for shifting purposes from th engine pump, which normally is introduced from port 216 into the main control cylinder 219, it being understood that the pressure of the engine iluid pump is sufficient to actuate the various automatic shiftv mechanisms controlling the transmission shift 'from low gear to high gear and the shift in the fluid unit. f

Mounted in the control cylinder 219 is a plunger lmember 266 having a collar portion 262 normally closing the port 216. Adjacent each end of the plunger are valve members or collars 266 and 264, the plunger having the extending rod 295 connected to a manually controllable selector for determining forward or reverse drive in the transmission.,APair of relief ports 266 are provided for the cylinder, and adjacent the left hand relief port 286 there is provided a conduit connection 261 leading to the reverse shift cylinder in the power shift mechanism so that when the control rod 265 is moved to the right, fluid under pressure from the port 216 will pass through the cylinder 219 betweenvvalve heads 262 and 286 and into the reverse shift cylinder for shifting the reverse gear mechanism in the transmission into mesh.

, Similarly, if the control rod 265 is shifted tothe left, fluid under pressure from the engine pump will pass from inlet port 216 through cylinder 216 to outlet port 266, and thence through conduit 269-past the valved port 296 and through conduit 292 to the low gear side 296 of a cylinder 294 containing the reciprocal piston rod 295. When the piston receives pressure in the low gear range side 296, it will be moved to the left against the pressure of the gears in the transmission to low gear range. The coil springs 296 and 291, surrounding cylinder 294, function to provide equal bias upon washers 296' and 291' respectively which engage opposite sides of collar 266' of the piston rod. This provides a spring loaded return for The washers 296 and 291' are interrupted at one point in their periphery to provide a slot allowing for entry of the transmission gear shift fork 266, connected through suitable means` to the shifter yoke |69 of Figure 2B. With the mechanism set as indicated in Fig 20 and the control rod 265 shifted to the left, the engine pump pressure will be effective on the'right hand side to shift the transmission into low speed ratio and the vehiclewill start moving, the fluid unit under these conditions being in torque multiplying condition.

As the speed of the vehicle increases, the pressure developed by pump 216 will increase correspondingly until such time as it builds up over the leakage available in the leakage port controlled by screw 211. As a result, pressure from this speed controlled pump will pass through conduit 299 into the head end 666 of the piston 216. As indicated in the system of leverages, the mechanism as shown in full lines is in fiuid coupling, high gear. high vacuum condition, and normally as the vehicle starts out in low speed, these controls will be moved to the dotted line positionsof low gear. low vacuum, torque multiplying condition which moves the plunger 212 to the right to bring the ports 664 and 665 carried thereby into alignment with uid passageways 666 and 661, respectively. Passageway 666 leads through conduit 666 and conduit 669 to the head end 616 of a plunger 612 mounted for reciprocatory movement in the valv'e body 616, and i ihaving the reduced portion 296 providing the 

